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fix(output): replace unpaired surrogates in UTF-8 text - #2132
UTF-8 console output now writes U+FFFD for each unpaired UTF-16 surrogate, matching TextEncoder. The same correction reaches captured JSON output and test reports. Valid pairs, embedded NULs, ASCII and strict file/path validation retain their behavior.
The process string converter delegated non-ASCII UTF-8 output to platform conversion. On Unix, the iconv error fallback substituted ?. The UTF-8 conversion now reuses the existing replacement encoder, retaining the ASCII fast path, explicit string length, destination code page and delegation for other encodings. Windows console handling remains in place. Host callbacks still receive UTF-16; explicit log-file encoding already used replacement and remains a control.
Visual walkthrough
For console.log("a\uD800b", "c\uDC00", "😀"):
First-line UTF-8 bytes
Before
61 3F 62 20 63 3F 20 F0 9F 98 80 0A
After
61 EF BF BD 62 20 63 EF BF BD 20 F0 9F 98 80 0A
How to test
Build ./build.pas runner testrunner and run bun scripts/test-cli-output-encoding.ts. It compares raw console bytes, JSON capture, log files and test-report output.
Run ./build.pas tests --test=ConsoleOutput.Test.pas --test=TextSemantics.Test.pas --run-tests for the shared conversion and console adapter.
Edit: d249ca07 reviewed
Codex approved the exact head with no findings.
Saved baseline fails 24 CLI assertions and the new native conversion test; the candidate passes. Already-passing valid-pair, ASCII, NUL and explicit log-file controls remain passing. Reporter coverage passes on the candidate; its baseline was not separately built.
All 17,362 JavaScript tests, focused native checks, formatting and structure checks passed. All 141 native test programs, both full CLI harnesses, 151 Win32 builds and SafeSEH audits, six focused Windows native suites, 18 paired exception scenarios and 36 Win32 raw-output/JSON checks passed. PR checks and full platform CI both passed on this head. CodeRabbit completed its exact-head review with no inline findings.
Docstring Coverage warning reviewed against this diff: the code-style guide requires annotations for ECMAScript algorithms, not a blanket complexity-based docstring quota for RTL adapters or test helpers. ProcessEncoding already documents the process conversion contract at unit level and the replacement/length constraints inline; its neighboring conversion and installation helpers do not have uniform per-function docstrings. ConsoleOutput.Test follows named test methods without docstrings. The CLI helper follows its sibling verification scripts with a file description and focused rationale comments; verifyReporterEncoding also has a function comment. These changes satisfy those conventions, so no additional comments or code change are needed.
FPC string conversion now replaces unpaired surrogates with U+FFFD during UTF-8 output. New Pascal and CLI checks verify output bytes for malformed and valid surrogate sequences across several output paths.
FPC conversion hooks now use replacement encoding for UTF-8 output and saved platform converters for other code pages. Windows retains its UTF-8 code-page setup and console-output configuration.
Pascal tests compare redirected-file and console-writer bytes. CLI checks cover console methods, JSON output, log-file output, and reporter output. The shared CLI test run invokes both encoding checks.
The UTF-8 output change has no identified issue that needs resolution before merge. Normal platform checks should still complete.
Security architecture risk: Low · up to d249c
The inspected paths preserve strict encoding checks for file contents and host-path canonicalization. No new privilege boundary crossing was identified. Risk is low because the change affects process-wide conversion behavior, while cross-platform runtime verification remains limited.
Retained concerns
No architecture-level concerns identified.
Security review details
Security Blast Radius
inferred — The production exposure is process-wide UTF-8 string conversion in FPC programs loading ProcessEncoding, not only console writes. Script-controlled text can change the resulting output bytes, but the inspected callback does not itself select files, execute commands, or grant additional authority.
Trust Boundaries and Controls
observed — The inspected Unix canonicalization path strictly encodes the supplied path before calling the host and strictly decodes the returned bytes. This existing control does not use the new replacement callback and is unchanged by the full PR comparison.
Resilience and Maintainability Implications
observed — Each new filesystem check creates a uniquely named temporary directory, uses fixed child filenames, and removes that owned directory in a finally block. Repeated and concurrent normal invocations therefore do not share a cleanup target. Abrupt process termination is not covered by finally cleanup.
Pre-merge checks: 4 · 1
Failed checks: 1 warning
Check name
Status
Explanation
Resolution
Docstring Coverage
Docstring coverage is 50.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff with cyclomatic complexity of at least 2. Documenta…
Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name
Status
Explanation
Title check
The title names the main change: UTF-8 console output now replaces unpaired UTF-16 surrogates with U+FFFD. The raw summary and PR objectives both describe this change. The title is specific and concis…
Linked Issues check
Issue #2130 has one direct, open coding requirement: each unpaired UTF-16 surrogate in console output must encode as U+FFFD (EF BF BD), matching TextEncoder, while valid pairs stay correct. Regression…
Out of Scope Changes check
All changed files relate to the #2130 requirement.
- source/shared/ProcessEncoding.pas: the UTF-8 conversion change implements the requirement. The restructuring moves the Windows initialization into…
Description check
The description follows the template's Summary section and gives a clear account of the change. It states that UTF-8 console output now writes U+FFFD for each unpaired UTF-16 surrogate, and that the s…
Full details: Title check
Explanation
The title names the main change: UTF-8 console output now replaces unpaired UTF-16 surrogates with U+FFFD. The raw summary and PR objectives both describe this change. The title is specific and concise, and it follows the conventional commit style.
Full details: Linked Issues check
Explanation
Issue #2130 has one direct, open coding requirement: each unpaired UTF-16 surrogate in console output must encode as U+FFFD (EF BF BD), matching TextEncoder, while valid pairs stay correct. Regression coverage must include a lone lead, a lone trail, a reversed pair, and a valid pair across console output paths.
Implementation (source/shared/ProcessEncoding.pas): on FPC, the Unicode-to-UTF-8 string-manager hook (OutputUnicode2AnsiMove) now sends non-ASCII UTF-8 conversions to EncodeUTF8WithReplacement. The ASCII fast path, explicit length, and non-UTF-8 delegation to the platform converter are kept. In source/shared/TextEncoding.pas, WriteUTF8WithReplacement writes U+FFFD (3 bytes) for each unpaired surrogate and keeps valid pairs as 4-byte sequences. A reversed pair yields two replacements, and a lone trail yields one. This behavior matches the issue.
Tests (scripts/test-cli-output-encoding.ts, wired in scripts/test-cli.ts; source/shared/ConsoleOutput.Test.pas): the script checks raw stdout bytes for console.log, info, debug, warn, and error across empty, NUL, ASCII, valid pair, lone lead, lone trail, reversed pair, and mixed cases. It also checks JSON capture, explicit log-file output, and the test reporter. The native test checks redirected-file and console-writer bytes for unpaired surrogates, a valid pair, and NUL. These cover the four required input classes across console.log and console.error and the other shared paths named in the issue.
I did not run these tests. The verdict relies on the source diff, the test code, and the author's reported results at head d249ca0 (the baseline failed 24 CLI assertions and the new native test; the candidate passed).
Full details: Out of Scope Changes check
Explanation
All changed files relate to the #2130 requirement.
source/shared/ProcessEncoding.pas: the UTF-8 conversion change implements the requirement. The restructuring moves the Windows initialization into an IFDEF block and adds the FPC hook for all FPC platforms. This is needed so the Unix conversion path can use TextEncoding. The Windows console setup (UseUnicodeOutput with WriteConsoleUTF8, code page settings) is kept, not changed in behavior. The file gains a TextEncoding dependency and a cwstring use on FPC Unix. Both support the change.
scripts/test-cli-output-encoding.ts and scripts/test-cli.ts: regression coverage for the issue's required cases and the shared paths (JSON, reporter, log file) named in the issue.
source/shared/ConsoleOutput.Test.pas: native regression test for the same conversion.
The JSON capture, test reporter, and log-file checks match the issue's scope notes, which ask that other paths sharing the conversion be checked. The PR does not add unrelated features or refactors. The log-file check confirms the existing explicit-encoding control, not a new behavior.
Full details: Description check
Explanation
The description follows the template's Summary section and gives a clear account of the change. It states that UTF-8 console output now writes U+FFFD for each unpaired UTF-16 surrogate, and that the same correction reaches captured JSON output and test reports. It names what keeps its behavior: valid pairs, embedded NULs, ASCII, and strict file/path validation. It also lists the implementation constraints: the ASCII fast path, explicit string length, destination code page, delegation for other encodings, Windows console handling, UTF-16 host callbacks, and the explicit log-file encoding control. It includes a before/after byte example and concrete test commands, and it links the issue (#2130) and CI runs. The template's Summary asks for a description of the change and for implementation constraints or non-goals, and both are covered. The Docstring Coverage note is a reviewer-facing rationale, not a template requirement, so it does not affect this check.
Full details: Docstring Coverage
Explanation
Docstring coverage is 50.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff with cyclomatic complexity of at least 2. Documentation-only edits and deletions within surviving functions are included; unchanged diff context and fully deleted functions are excluded. Analyzed 2 functions across 2 files. (2 skipped: 2 unsupported.)
Resolution
Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Autofix · Keep fixing CodeRabbit findings and required CI, and resolving merge conflicts
18 pinned Web Tooling workloads; 18 workloads produced at least one Goccia sample. Raw results from 1 sample per workload; full stdout/stderr for failures and min/max/CV stay in the web-tooling-report artifact. This lane is Goccia-only by design.
1.00× means aligned; values above 1.00× mean Goccia was proportionally slower after normalizing JetStream’s higher-is-better score. QuickJS is the bar for the interpreter-speed target; Node.js --jitless and JSC with its JIT off are interpreter-class context that the target does not count, and Node.js, with its JIT, is shown for scale. Engines alternate their order from one repetition to the next. Raw samples, each with its place in that order, and failure details remain in the jetstream-report artifact.
22 timeout(s) — counted separately from ordinary conformance failures; inspect the full artifact for affected tests.
Category
Run
Passed
Δ Pass
Failed
Timeouts
Δ Timeout
Wrap-Infra
Pass-rate
Δ Rate
annexB
1,377
915
±0
462
0
±0
0
66.4%
±0pp
built-ins
47,399
46,781
±0
618
0
±0
0
98.7%
±0pp
harness
232
232
±0
0
0
±0
0
100.0%
±0pp
intl402
6,764
6,720
±0
42
2
±0
0
99.3%
±0pp
language
44,701
41,551
±0
3,150
0
±0
0
93.0%
±0pp
staging
2,791
2,654
±0
117
20
±0
0
95.1%
±0pp
total
103,264
98,853
±0
4,389
22
±0
0
95.7%
±0pp
non-strict runs
52,230
50,089
±0
2,130
11
±0
0
95.9%
±0pp
strict runs
51,034
48,764
±0
2,259
11
±0
0
95.6%
±0pp
Areas closest to 100%
Area
Pass rate
Δ vs main
Passing
intl402/Temporal
100.0%
±0pp
4,056 / 4,058
language/arguments-object
99.8%
±0pp
459 / 460
built-ins/Promise
99.7%
±0pp
1,454 / 1,458
Steady-state failures and timeouts are non-blocking; PASS → non-timeout failure transitions fail the conformance gate. Measured on ubuntu-latest x64. Areas grouped by the first two test262 path components; minimum 25 attempted runs, areas that already pass in full excluded. Each test file runs once per mode test262 requires, and runs compare by file and mode. Δ vs main compares against the most recent cached main baseline.
Deterministic profile diff: no significant changes.
Measured on ubuntu-latest x64. Each PR run also builds the main base and benchmarks it back-to-back on the same runner after a warm-up discard, so the ranges compare two runs measured under the same conditions; overlapping min/max ranges are treated as unchanged noise. Percentage deltas are secondary context. See docs/adr/0076.
GC rows aggregate the main thread plus all worker thread-local GCs. Test runner worker shutdown frees thread-local heaps in bulk; that shutdown reclamation is not counted as GC collections or collected objects.
Metric
Value
GC Live
23.8 KiB
GC Peak Live
524.77 MiB
GC Allocated During Run
3.23 GiB
GC Limit
7.80 GiB
GC Collections
3,683
GC Collected Objects
17,747,451
Heap Start Allocated
372.2 KiB
Heap End Allocated
3.04 MiB
Heap Delta Allocated
2.68 MiB
Heap Delta Free
2.13 MiB
Benchmarks (447)
Metric
Value
Total
447
Workers
4
Duration
2.85min
Memory
GC rows aggregate the main thread plus all worker thread-local GCs. Benchmark runner performs explicit between-file collections, so collection and collected-object counts can be much higher than the test runner.
Metric
Value
GC Live
5.6 KiB
GC Peak Live
226.87 MiB
GC Allocated During Run
23.47 GiB
GC Limit
7.80 GiB
GC Collections
6,129
GC Collected Objects
314,086,524
Heap Start Allocated
1.22 MiB
Heap End Allocated
1.22 MiB
Heap Delta Allocated
3.3 KiB
Boot
Metric
Value
Boot (median)
3.9ms
Boot (min)
3.8ms
Empty-script (0;) end-to-end process wall-clock for GocciaRunner, min and median over 60 runs after 10 warmups. Includes a fixed process / dynamic-loader floor that does not shrink, so it understates the engine-boot speedup; treat as practical boot time, not pure engine work.
JSC (no JIT) libjavascriptcoregtk-bin 2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1
NodeJS v27.0.0-alpha.0.0.0
Δ PR vs main
Bounce
pass
6.88ms
6.99ms
1.01ms
0.79ms
0.76ms
84.23µs
🔴 -1.64%
CD
pass
68.45ms
68.96ms
10.20ms
4.87ms
6.33ms
1.04ms
~ overlap (-0.74%)
DeltaBlue
pass
1.47ms
1.48ms
259.82µs
137.45µs
228.67µs
66.73µs
~ overlap (-0.28%)
Havlak
pass
29.81s
29.63s
4557.73ms
1687.96ms
2967.52ms
97.67ms
~ overlap (+0.59%)
Json
pass
119.45ms
121.65ms
13.74ms
7.02ms
9.33ms
0.97ms
🔴 -1.84%
List
pass
3.84ms
3.77ms
1.02ms
0.50ms
0.90ms
49.09µs
🟢 +1.66%
Mandelbrot
pass
3.47µs
3.34µs
1.04µs
0.74µs
0.57µs
68ns
🟢 +3.71%
NBody
pass
111.30µs
111.17µs
12.15µs
9.91µs
9.48µs
2.00µs
~ overlap (+0.11%)
Permute
pass
8.18ms
8.41ms
1.90ms
1.26ms
1.23ms
68.27µs
🔴 -2.85%
Queens
pass
4.69ms
4.73ms
1.23ms
0.85ms
0.83ms
58.45µs
~ overlap (-0.75%)
Richards
pass
215.31ms
217.86ms
52.09ms
29.34ms
38.80ms
1.23ms
🔴 -1.19%
Sieve
pass
1.77ms
1.77ms
0.52ms
358.48µs
276.37µs
58.68µs
~ overlap (-0.11%)
Storage
pass
17.05ms
17.05ms
2.50ms
0.83ms
1.04ms
186.77µs
~ overlap (+0.01%)
Towers
pass
12.51ms
12.64ms
3.13ms
1.88ms
2.12ms
144.93µs
~ overlap (-1.03%)
Geomean Ratios
Ratio (row / column)
Goccia main
Goccia PR
QuickJS 2026-06-04
NodeJS --jitless v27.0.0-alpha.0.0.0
JSC (no JIT) libjavascriptcoregtk-bin 2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1
NodeJS v27.0.0-alpha.0.0.0
Goccia main
1.000
0.997
5.207
9.139
7.818
79.422
Goccia PR
1.003
1.000
5.222
9.166
7.842
79.660
QuickJS 2026-06-04
0.192
0.191
1.000
1.755
1.502
15.254
NodeJS --jitless v27.0.0-alpha.0.0.0
0.109
0.109
0.570
1.000
0.856
8.691
JSC (no JIT) libjavascriptcoregtk-bin 2.52.6-0ubuntu0.24.04.1
0.128
0.128
0.666
1.169
1.000
10.158
NodeJS v27.0.0-alpha.0.0.0
0.013
0.013
0.066
0.115
0.098
1.000
14 pinned AWFY benchmarks. Medians from 6 interleaved samples per engine; each sample is one process, timed as the mean of its measured iterations after its warm-up iterations (counts per benchmark in perf/awfy/manifest.json), and engines alternate their order from one repetition to the next; raw JSON includes min/max/CV and is attached as the awfy-report artifact. Δ compares PR Goccia median against the same-runner main Goccia median; overlapping min/max ranges are treated as unchanged noise. Hardware counters were requested but not recorded: perf stat failed: Error: No supported events found. QuickJS is the bar for the interpreter-speed target; NodeJS --jitless and JSC with its JIT off are interpreter-class context that the target does not count, and NodeJS, with its JIT, is shown for scale. Times are per iteration; the 0.5ms timer floor applies to each sample's measured window, which holds many iterations.
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Failed pre-merge checks:
- Docstring Coverage:
Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage
threshold.
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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between af7d3aa and d249ca0.
Files selected for processing: 4
scripts/test-cli-output-encoding.ts
scripts/test-cli.ts
source/shared/ConsoleOutput.Test.pas
source/shared/ProcessEncoding.pas
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Summary
UTF-8 console output now writes U+FFFD for each unpaired UTF-16 surrogate, matching TextEncoder. The same correction reaches captured JSON output and test reports. Valid pairs, embedded NULs, ASCII and strict file/path validation retain their behavior.
Closes #2130
Details
The process string converter delegated non-ASCII UTF-8 output to platform conversion. On Unix, the iconv error fallback substituted
?. The UTF-8 conversion now reuses the existing replacement encoder, retaining the ASCII fast path, explicit string length, destination code page and delegation for other encodings. Windows console handling remains in place. Host callbacks still receive UTF-16; explicit log-file encoding already used replacement and remains a control.Visual walkthrough
For
console.log("a\uD800b", "c\uDC00", "😀"):61 3F 62 20 63 3F 20 F0 9F 98 80 0A61 EF BF BD 62 20 63 EF BF BD 20 F0 9F 98 80 0AHow to test
./build.pas runner testrunnerand runbun scripts/test-cli-output-encoding.ts. It compares raw console bytes, JSON capture, log files and test-report output../build.pas tests --test=ConsoleOutput.Test.pas --test=TextSemantics.Test.pas --run-testsfor the shared conversion and console adapter.Edit:
d249ca07reviewedCodex approved the exact head with no findings.
Saved baseline fails 24 CLI assertions and the new native conversion test; the candidate passes. Already-passing valid-pair, ASCII, NUL and explicit log-file controls remain passing. Reporter coverage passes on the candidate; its baseline was not separately built.
All 17,362 JavaScript tests, focused native checks, formatting and structure checks passed. All 141 native test programs, both full CLI harnesses, 151 Win32 builds and SafeSEH audits, six focused Windows native suites, 18 paired exception scenarios and 36 Win32 raw-output/JSON checks passed. PR checks and full platform CI both passed on this head. CodeRabbit completed its exact-head review with no inline findings.
Docstring Coverage warning reviewed against this diff: the code-style guide requires annotations for ECMAScript algorithms, not a blanket complexity-based docstring quota for RTL adapters or test helpers.
ProcessEncodingalready documents the process conversion contract at unit level and the replacement/length constraints inline; its neighboring conversion and installation helpers do not have uniform per-function docstrings.ConsoleOutput.Testfollows named test methods without docstrings. The CLI helper follows its sibling verification scripts with a file description and focused rationale comments;verifyReporterEncodingalso has a function comment. These changes satisfy those conventions, so no additional comments or code change are needed.