diff --git a/.changeset/polymorphic-prop-inference.md b/.changeset/polymorphic-prop-inference.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b3b269e8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/polymorphic-prop-inference.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@primer/react': patch
+---
+
+Polymorphic components: Fix TypeScript inference for component-specific props while preserving `as` support.
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionList/ActionList.types.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionList/ActionList.types.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c572e297165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionList/ActionList.types.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import React from 'react'
+import {ActionList} from './index'
+
+export function shouldAcceptLinkItemAs() {
+  return (
+    <ActionList.LinkItem
+      as="button"
+      active
+      variant="danger"
+      size="small"
+      disabled
+      ref={React.createRef<HTMLButtonElement>()}
+      onClick={event => {
+        type Event = Expect<Equal<typeof event, React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>>>
+      }}
+    >
+      Action
+    </ActionList.LinkItem>
+  )
+}
+
+const CustomLink = React.forwardRef<HTMLAnchorElement, {to: string; children?: React.ReactNode}>(
+  ({to, children}, ref) => {
+    return (
+      <a href={to} ref={ref}>
+        {children}
+      </a>
+    )
+  },
+)
+
+export function shouldAcceptCustomLinkItemAs() {
+  return <ActionList.LinkItem as={CustomLink} to="/example" ref={React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>()} />
+}
+
+export function shouldRequireCustomLinkItemProps() {
+  // @ts-expect-error the custom component requires to
+  return <ActionList.LinkItem as={CustomLink} />
+}
+
+export function shouldAcceptListAs() {
+  return <ActionList as="ol" start={2} ref={React.createRef<HTMLOListElement>()} />
+}
+
+type Expect<T extends true> = T
+type Equal<X, Y> = (<T>() => T extends X ? 1 : 2) extends <T>() => T extends Y ? 1 : 2 ? true : false
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionList/LinkItem.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionList/LinkItem.tsx
index 02cd952ea34..88c03422677 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ActionList/LinkItem.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionList/LinkItem.tsx
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const LinkItemComponent = fixedForwardRef(
     forwardedRef: ForwardedRef<unknown>,
   ) => {
     return (
-      <Item
+      <Item<'li'>
         className={className}
         active={active}
         inactiveText={inactiveText}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx
index 0abeb7e4722..11c00a37db7 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ const UnwrappedList = <As extends React.ElementType = 'ul'>(
   return (
     <ListContext.Provider value={listContextValue}>
       {slots.heading}
-      {/* @ts-expect-error ref needs a non nullable ref */}
       <Component
         className={clsx(classes.ActionList, className)}
         role={listRole}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Link/__tests__/Link.types.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/Link/__tests__/Link.types.test.tsx
index 70ebd44b27c..6178ae92f9a 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Link/__tests__/Link.types.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/Link/__tests__/Link.types.test.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import React from 'react'
 import Link from '../Link'
 
 export function shouldAcceptCallWithNoProps() {
@@ -8,3 +9,44 @@ export function shouldNotAcceptSystemProps() {
   // @ts-expect-error system props should not be accepted
   return <Link backgroundColor="mistyrose" />
 }
+
+export function shouldAcceptButtonProps() {
+  return (
+    <Link
+      as="button"
+      muted
+      disabled
+      ref={React.createRef<HTMLButtonElement>()}
+      onClick={event => {
+        type Event = Expect<Equal<typeof event, React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>>>
+      }}
+    />
+  )
+}
+
+const CustomLink = React.forwardRef<HTMLAnchorElement, {to: string; children?: React.ReactNode}>(
+  ({to, children}, ref) => {
+    return (
+      <a href={to} ref={ref}>
+        {children}
+      </a>
+    )
+  },
+)
+
+export function shouldAcceptCustomComponentProps() {
+  return <Link as={CustomLink} to="/example" inline ref={React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>()} />
+}
+
+export function shouldRequireCustomComponentProps() {
+  // @ts-expect-error the custom component requires to
+  return <Link as={CustomLink} />
+}
+
+export function shouldRejectIncorrectRef() {
+  // @ts-expect-error a button requires a button ref
+  return <Link as="button" ref={React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>()} />
+}
+
+type Expect<T extends true> = T
+type Equal<X, Y> = (<T>() => T extends X ? 1 : 2) extends <T>() => T extends Y ? 1 : 2 ? true : false
diff --git a/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.ts b/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.ts
index 62ca5ea264b..2044ffe5ba1 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.ts
+++ b/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.ts
@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ export const fixedForwardRef = forwardRef as FixedForwardRef
 /**
  * Simplified polymorphic props type that handles the common pattern of
  * `DistributiveOmit<ComponentPropsWithRef<ElementType extends As ? DefaultElement : As>, 'as'>`
+ * Keep own props separate so their types remain available in generic components.
  */
 export type PolymorphicProps<
   TAs extends ElementType,
   TDefaultElement extends ElementType = 'div',
   Props = object,
-> = DistributiveOmit<ComponentPropsWithRef<ElementType extends TAs ? TDefaultElement : TAs> & Props, 'as'> & {
-  as?: TAs
-}
+> = DistributiveOmit<ComponentPropsWithRef<ElementType extends TAs ? TDefaultElement : TAs>, 'as'> &
+  DistributiveOmit<Props, 'as'> & {
+    as?: TAs
+  }
diff --git a/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.types.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.types.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fbaffefade3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react/src/utils/modern-polymorphic.types.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import React from 'react'
+import type {PolymorphicProps} from './modern-polymorphic'
+
+export function shouldPreserveOwnPropTypes<As extends React.ElementType>(
+  props: PolymorphicProps<
+    As,
+    'div',
+    {
+      delayMs?: number
+      politeness?: 'assertive' | 'polite'
+      title: string
+    }
+  >,
+) {
+  const {delayMs, politeness, title} = props
+
+  type Delay = Expect<Equal<typeof delayMs, number | undefined>>
+  type Politeness = Expect<Equal<typeof politeness, 'assertive' | 'polite' | undefined>>
+  type Title = Expect<Equal<typeof title, string>>
+}
+
+export function shouldUsePolymorphicAsInsteadOfOwnAs() {
+  const props: PolymorphicProps<'button', 'a', {as?: 'a'; muted?: boolean}> = {
+    as: 'button',
+    muted: true,
+    disabled: true,
+    ref: React.createRef<HTMLButtonElement>(),
+    onClick: event => {
+      type Event = Expect<Equal<typeof event, React.MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>>>
+    },
+  }
+  return props
+}
+
+export function shouldPreserveIntersectingPropTypes() {
+  const props: PolymorphicProps<'input', 'div', {size?: 'small' | 'large'}> = {
+    as: 'input',
+    // @ts-expect-error own props do not override conflicting element props
+    size: 'small',
+  }
+  return props
+}
+
+export function shouldPreserveOwnPropUnions(
+  props: PolymorphicProps<'div', 'div', {kind: 'text'; text: string} | {kind: 'count'; count: number}>,
+) {
+  if (props.kind === 'text') {
+    type Text = Expect<Equal<typeof props.text, string>>
+  } else {
+    type Count = Expect<Equal<typeof props.count, number>>
+  }
+}
+
+type Expect<T extends true> = T
+type Equal<X, Y> = (<T>() => T extends X ? 1 : 2) extends <T>() => T extends Y ? 1 : 2 ? true : false